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2016-15 RESOLUTION NO.2016- 15 A RESOLUTION ADOPTING THE VILLAGE OF BUFFALO GROVE INVESTMENT POLICY WHEREAS, it is always prudent for any public unit to have an Investment Policy in place for the purpose of safeguarding funds, equitably distributing investments and maximizing income of the Village. The following Policy is hereby promulgated for use by the Village of Buffalo Grove-, and WHEREAS, the Investment Policy applies to the investment of all funds under the control of the Village of Buffalo Grove. This Investment Policy will also apply to any new or temporary funds under the control of the Village of Buffalo Grove. WHEREAS, this Investment Policy will supersede the Investment Policy that was adopted by Resolution 2008-33 and; NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE PRESIDENT AND BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE VILLAGE OF BUFFALO GROVE, COOK AND LAKE COUNTIES, ILLINOIS as follows: 1. The Village of Buffalo Grove does hereby adopt the Village of Buffalo Grove Investment Policy and attached hereto as Exhibit"N'. 2. The Policy shall be in force and effect from and after its passage and approval in the manner provided by law. AYES: 6 - Berman,Trilling, Stein, Ottenheimci, Weidenfeld,Johnson NAYS: 0 - one ABSENT: 0 -None PASSED: April l 8,2016. APPROVED: April 1$,2010. (�b4 1W A 4 44qVkffi_)- Beverly Sussin _i, Village President ATTEST: Janet M."Sirabian,Village Clark Attachment A VILLAGE OF BUFFALO GROVE INVESTMENT POLICY 1. Policy: The Village of Buffalo Grove,as a public agency,has an inherent fiduciary responsibility to properlyaccount for and manage public funds. Public funds are tobe considered current operating funds,special funds,debt service and other funds of any kind or character belonging to or in the custody of any public agency(Chapter 30, paragraph 235/1 through 235/7, Public Funds Investment Act, Illinois Complied Statutes 11. Scope: This investment policy applies to all financial assets of the Village of Buffalo Grove exceptforthe Police and Firefighter's Pension Funds which are subject to those individual fund boards. 1. Pooling ofFunds Except for cash in certain restricted and special funds,the Village of Buffalo Grove will consolidate and reserve balances from all funds to maximize investment earnings and to increase efficiencies with regard to investment pricing,safekeeping and administration.Investment income will be allocated to the various funds based on their respective participation and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Ill. General Objectives: The primary objectives, in priority order, of investment activities shall be safety, Oquidity, and yield: 1. Safety Safety mf principal is the foremost objective of the investment program. Investments shall beundertaken in a manner that seeks to ensure the preservation of capital in the overall portfolio.The objective will be to mitigate credit risk and interest rate risk (a). Credit Risk The Village of Buffalo Grove will minimize credit risk, which is the risk of loss due to the failure of the security issuer orbacker, by: * Limiting investment to the types of securities listed in Section V|| of this Investment 1 Attachment 2l Policy. • Pre-qua I ifying the financia I institutions,broker/dealers,intermediaries,and adviser with which the Village of Buffalo Grove will do business in accordance with Section V. • Diversifying the investment portfolio so that the impact of potential losses from any one type of security or from any one individual issuer will beminimized. (6). Interest Rate Risk The Village of Buffalo Grove will minimize interest rate risk, which is the risk that the marker values of securities in the portfolio will fall due to changes in market interest rates, by: • Structuring the investment portfolio so that securities mature to meet cash requirements for ongoing operations,thereby avoiding the need to sell securities on the open market prior tomaturity • Investing operating funds primarily in shorter-term securities, money market mutual funds,or similar investment pools and limiting the average maturity of the portfolio in accordance with this policy(see section V|||). 2. Liquidity The investment portfolio shall remain sufficiently liquid to meet all operating requirements that may be reasonably anticipated. This is accomplished by structuring the portfolio so that securities mature concurrent with cash needs to meet anticipated demands(static liquidity).Furthermore,since all possible cash demands cannot be anticipated, the portfolio should consist largely of securities with active secondary or resale markets(dynamic liquidity).Alternatively,a portion of the portfolio may be placed in money market mutual funds or local government investment pools which offer same day liquidity for short-term funds. 3. Yield The investment portfolio shall be designed with the objective of attaining a market rate of return throughout budgetary and economic cycles, taking into account the investment risk constraints and liquidity needs. Return on investment is of secondary importance compared to the safety and liquidity objectives described above. The core of investments is limited to relatively |oxv risk securities in anticipation of earning a fair return relative to the risk being assumed.Securities shall generally beheld until maturity with the following exceptions: • A security with declining credit may be sold early to minimize loss of principal. • A security swap would improve the quality, yield, or target duration in the portfolio. • Liquidity needs of the portfolio require that the security besold. 2 Attachment A IV. Standards mfCare: 1. Prudence The standard of prudence to be used by investment officials shall be the"prudent person"standard and shall be applied in the context of managing the overall portfolio. Investment officers acting in accordance with written procedures and this investment policy and exercising due diligence shall be relieved of personal responsibility for an individual security's credit risk or market price changes,provided deviations from expectations are reported in a timely fashion and the liquidity and the sale of securities are carried out in accordance with the terms of this policy. 2. Ethics and Conflicts ofInterest Officers and employees involved in the investment process shall refrain from personal business activity that could conflict with the proper execution and management of the investment program,or that could impair their ability to make impartial decisions. Employees and investment officials shall disclose any material interests in financial institutions with which they conduct business.They shall further disclose any personal financial/investment positions that could be related to the performance of the investment portfolio. Employees and officers shall refrain from undertaking personal investment transactions with the same individual with whom business is conducted on behalf of the Village of Buffalo Grove. 3. Delegation ofAuthority Authority to mange the Village of Buffalo Grove's investment program is derived from the following: The establishment of investment policies is the responsibility of the Village Board. Management and administrative responsibility for the investment program is hereby delegated tothe Finance Director who, under the direction of the Village Manager, shall establish written procedures for the operation of the investment program consistent with this investment policy. Procedures should include references to: safekeeping, delivery vs. payment investment accounting, repurchase agreements, wire transfer agreements, co!|atera|/depositoryagreements and banking service contracts. Such procedures shall include explicit delegation of authority to persons responsible for investment transactions. No person may engage in an investment transaction except as provided under the terms of this policy and the procedures established by the Finance Director. The Finance Director shall be responsible for all transactions undertaken and shall establish a system of controls to regulate the activities of subordinate officials. The Finance Director may from time to time amend the written procedures in a manner not inconsistent with this policy or state statutes. The responsibility for investment activities of the Police and Firefighter Pension Funds rest with the � Attachment A trustees of the respective fund boards. V.Authorized Financial Institutions, Depositories and Broker/Dealers: The Finance Director will maintain a list of financial institutions authorized ho provide investment services.|n addition,a list will be maintained of approved security broker/dealers selected by credit worthiness.These mayindude "primanydea|ersorregiona| dea|ersthatquaUfyunderSecuritiesandExchan8e[ommission (SE[) Rule 150-1 (uniform net capital rule). NV public deposit shall be made except at a qualified public depository asestablished by state statutes. All financial institutions and broker/dealers who desire to become qualified become qualified bidders for investment transactions must supply the Finance Director with the following: • Audited financial statements demonstrating compliance with state and federal capacity adequacy guidelines • Proof of National Association of Security Dealers(NASD)certification(not applicable to Certificate of Depositcounherparties) • Proof 4y state registration • Completed broker/dea|erquestionnaine • Certification of having read the Village's Investment Policy V1.Safekeeping and Custody: All trades ofmarketable securities will be executed by delivery vs. payment(DVP)to ensure that securities are deposited in an eligible financial institution prior to the release of funds. Securities will be held by an independent third-party custodian selected by the Village as evidenced by safekeeping receipts in the Village's name.The safekeeping institution shall annually provide a copy of their most recent report on internal controls (Statement of Auditing Standard No. 70, or SAS 70). l. Internal Controls The Finance Director is responsible for establishing and maintaining an internal control structure designed 10 ensure that the assets of the Village ofBuffalo Grove are protected from loss,theft or misuse. Details of the internal controls system shall be documented inan investment procedures manual and shall be reviewed and updated annually.The internal control structure shall bedesigned to provide reasonable assurance that these objectives are met.The concept of reasonable assurance recognizes that(1)the cost of a control should not exceed the benefits likely to be derived and(2)the valuation of costs and benefits requires estimates and judgments bymanagement. 4 Attachment A The internal controls structure shall address the following points: • Control of collusion • Separation of transaction authority from accounting andrecmrdkeeping • Custodial safekeeping • Avoidance of physical delivery securities • Clear delegation of authority to subordinate staff members • Written confirmation of transactions for investments and wire transfers • Dual authorizations of wire transfers • Development ofo wire transfer agreement with the lead bank and third-party custodian Accordingly,the Finance Director shall establish a process for annual independent review by an external auditor to assure compliance with policies and procedures. VII.Suitable and Authorized Investments: The Village may invest in any type of the security allowed for in Illinois Compile Statutes (30 |U[S 235/2) regarding the investment of public funds. Approved investments include: 0 Bonds, notes, certificates ufindebtedness, treasury bill, or any other securities now or hereafter issued, which one guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the United States of American as to principal and interest; * Bonds, notes,debentures or other similar obligations of the United States of America or its agencies; * Interest-bearing savings accounts, interest-bea ring certificates of deposit or interest-bearing time deposits or any other investments constituting direct obligations of any bank as defined by the Illinois Banking Act; and is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; * Short-term obligations of corporations organized in the United States with assets exceeding $500,000,000 if U\ such obligations are rated at the time of purchase at one of the three highest classifications established bymt(east two standard rating services and which mature not later than 180 days for the date of purchase, (ii) such purchases do not exceed 10Y6 of the corporation's outstanding obligations and (iii) no more than 25%of the Village's funds may be investing in short- term ob|iXadonsofcnrporations; * Illinois Public Treasurer's Investment Pool(Illinois Funds),and the Illinois Metropolitan Investment Fund (|KAET) * Short-term discount obligations of the Federal National Mortgage Association(FNMA)or I shares of other forms of securities or other allowable investments legally issued by savings and loan associations incorporated under the laws of this state or any other state or under the laws of the 5 Attachment 2l United States. Investments may be made only in those savings and loan associations of which the shares or investment certificates are insured bv the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation /F0C\. * Investment options suitable under |LCS including Fixed Rate General Obligation Municipal Bonds whose credit quality is restrict to "AA" or better. 1. [o0o1ero0zmtimn: |tis the policy of the Village mf Buffalo Grove and in accordance with the GFOA's Recommended Practices on the Collateralization of Public Deposits(attachment#2),the Village requires that funds on deposit in excess of FDIC limits be secured with some form of collateral, including surety bonds or letters of credit. The Village will accept any of the following assists ascollateral: • Government Securities • Obligations of Federal Agencies • Obligations of Federal Instrumentalities w Fixed Rate General Obligation Municipal Bonds rated "AA" orbetter * Obligations Vfthe State mfIllinois (The Village reserves the right to accept/reject any form of the above named securities.) The amount of collateral provided will not be less than 103%of the fair market value of the net amount of public funds secured.The ratio of fair market value of collateral tothe amount of funds secured will be reviewed monthly, and additional collateral will be required when the ratio declines below the level required and collateral will be released if the hair market value exceeds the required level. Pledged collateral will be held in safekeeping byanindependent third party depository designated by the Village of Buffalo Grove and evidenced by safekeeping agreement. Collateral agreements will preclude the release of the pledged assets without an authorized signature from the Village of Buffalo Grove. The Village realizes that there is a cost factor involved with co||atera|ization and the Village will pay any reasonable and customary fees related to co|(atera|iaadon. VIII. Investment Parameters: 1. Diversification |n order to reduce the risk of default, the investment portfolio of the Village ofBuffalo Grove shall be diversified by: * Limiting investments to avoid over-concentration in securities from a specific issuer or business 6 Attachment A sector(U.S. Treasury and Agency secuhdes), Monies deposited at a financial institution shall not exceed 75%of the capital stock and surplus of that institution. Commercial paper shall not exceed 33%of the Village's investment portfolio. Brokered certificates of deposit shall not exceed 2596 of the Village's investment portfolio. • Investing in securities with varying maturities, and • Continuously investing a portion of the portfolio in readily available funds such as local government investment pools(LGIPs), money marketfunds or overnight repurchase agreements to ensure that appropriate liquidity is maintained in order to meet ongoing obligations. 2. Maximum Maturities To the extent possible,the Village of Buffalo Grove will attemptto match its investments with anticipated cash flow requirements. Unless matched to specific cash flow, the Village will not directly invest in securities maturing more than three years from the date ufpurchase. Reserve funds and other funds with longer-term investment horizons may be invested in securities exceeding three year if the maturities of such investments are made to coincide as nearly aspracticable with the expected use offunds. Because of inherent difficulties in accurately forecasting cash flow requirements, a portion of the portfolio should be continuously invested in readily available funds such as LGIPs,money market funds,or overnight repurchase agreements Le ensure that appropriate liquidity is maintained to meet ongoing obligations. IX. Reporting: The Finance Director shall prepare as investment report at least quarterly,including a management summary that provides an analysis of the status of the current investment portfolio.This management summary will be prepared in a manner which will allow the Village to ascertain whether investment activities during the reporting period have conformed to the investment policy. This report should be provided to the Village Manager and Village Board.The report will include the following: * Listing of individual securities held, by fund, atthe end of the reporting period. • Average weighted yield to maturity ufportfolio. • Listing of investments by maturity date. 7 Attachment J\ * Percentage of total portfolio which each type of investment represents. 1. Performance Standards The investment portfolio will be managed in accordance with the parameters specified within this policy. The portfolio should obtain a market average rate of return during a market/economic environment of stable interest rates. Portfolio performance should be compared to appropriate benchmarks on a regular basis.The benchmarks shall be reflective of the actual securities being purchased and risks undertaken, and the benchmark shall have similar weighted average as the portfolio. 2. Market Yield The Village's investment strategy ispassive.Given this strategy,the basis used bythe Finance 0rectorto determine whether market yield are being achieved shall be the six-month U.S.Treasury Bill. 3. Marking to Market The market value of the portfolio shall be calculated at least quarterly and a statement of the market value of the portfolio shall be issued at least quarterly. This will ensure that review of the investment portfolio, in terms of value and price volatility, has been performed consistent with the GFOA recommended Practices on "Mark-to-Market Practices for State and Local Government Investment Portfolios and Investment Pools" (attachment#3). In defining market value, considerations should be given 1othe GAS8 Statement 31pronouncement. X. Investment Policy Adoption: The Village of Buffalo Grove's investment policy shall be adopted by resolution of the Village Board of Trustees. This policy shall be reviewed on an annual basis by the Finance Director and any modifications thereto must be approved by the Village Board of Trustees. XI.Glossary: AGENCIES: Informal name that refers to securities issued by the United States government and U.S. government sponsored instrumentalities. ASKED:The trading price proposed by the prospective seller of securities. Also called the offer or offered prime. BANKERS'ACCEPTANCE(BA): A short-term financial instrument that is the unconditional obligation of the accepting bank. 8 Attachment A BASIS POINT(BP):A unit of measurement for interest rates or yields that are expressed in percentages.(One hundred basis points equal 1percen1.) BAD:The trading price acceptable to a prospective buyer ofsecurities. BOND EQUIVALENT YIELD(BEY):An annual yield, expressed as a percentage, describing the return provided to bond holders.The BEY is a way to compare yields available from discount securities such as Treasury bills and BAs with yields available from coupon securities. BROKER: A party who brings buyers and sellers together. Brokers do not take ownership uf the property being traded.They are compensated bycommissions.They are not the same as dealers; however,the same individuals and firms that act as brokers in some transactions may act asdealers in other transactions. BROKERED AND NEGOTIABLE CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT: Short-term (2toG2 weeks) large denomination ($100,000 minimum). Certificate of Deposit that is issued at a discount on its par value, or at a fixed interest rate payable at maturity and are freely traded in secondary markets. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT(CD):A deposit of funds, in a bank or savings and loan association,for a specific term that earns interest at specified rate or rate formula. CDs may be secured or unsecured, may be in negotiable or nonnegotiable form and may be issued in either physical or book entry form. COLLATERAL Securities, evidence of deposit or other property which m borrower pledges to secure repayment of a loan. Also refers to securities pledged by a bank to secure deposits of public monies. COMMERCIAL PAPER(CP): Unsecured, short-term promissory notes issued by corporations for specific amounts and with specific maturity dates. COMPREHENSIVE ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT(CAFR):The official annual report for the Village of Glenview. It includes five combined statements and basic financial statements for each individual fund and account group prepared in conformity with GAAP. It also includes supporting schedules necessary to demonstrate compliance with finance-related legal and contractual provisions, extensive introductory material, and a detailed Statistical Section. COUPON: (a)The annual rate of interest that a bond's issuer promises to pay the bondholder on the bond's face value. (b) A certificate attached to a bond evidencing interest due on a payment date. 9 Attachment A DEALER:A firm or individual who buys and sells for their own account. Dealers have ownership between a purchase from one party and a sale to another party. Dealers are compensated by the spread between the price they pay and the price they receive. DEBENTURE: A bond secured only by the general credit of the issuer. DELIVERY VERSUS PAYMENT(DVP):The simultaneous exchange of securities and cash.The safest method of settling either the purchase or sale of a security. In a DVP settlement,the funds are wired from the buyer's account and the security is delivered from the seller's account in simultaneous independent wires. DISCOUNT:The amount by which the price for a security is less than its par, DISCOUNT SECURITIES: Securities that do not pay periodic interest. Investors earn the difference between the discount issue price and the full face value paid at maturity. Treasury bills, bankers' acceptances and zero coupon bonds are discount securities. DIVERSIFICATION: Dividing investment funds among a variety of securities offering independent returns. FEDERAL CREDIT AGE NCIS:Agencies of the Federal Government set up to supply credit to various classes of institutions and individuals, e.g., S & L's, small business firms, students, farmers, farm cooperatives, and exporters. FEDERAL DEPOSIT OF INSURANCE CORPORATION (FDIC):A federal agency that insures bank deposits, currently up to $100,000 per deposit. FEDERAL FUNDS RATE:The rate for which overnight federal funds are traded. FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS (FL ): The institutions that regulate and lend to savings and loan associations. The Federal Home Loan Banks play a role analogous to that played by the Federal Reserve Banks vis-a-vis member commercial banks. FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION (FNMA or FIE MAQ FNMA is a federal corporation working under the auspices of the Department of Housing& Urban Development, HUD. It is the largest single provider of residential mortgage funds in the United States. Fannie Mae, as the corporation is called, is a private stockholder-owned corporation.The corporation's purchases include a variety of adjustable mortgages and second loans in addition to fixed-rate mortgages. FNMA assumes and guarantees that all security holders will receive timely payment of principal and interest. 10 Attachment A FEDERAL OPEN MARKET COMMITTEE(FOhAC): Consists of seven members of the Federal Reserve Board and five ofthe twelve Federal Reserve Bank Presidents.The President of the New York Federal Reserve Bank is a permanent member while the other Presidents serve on a rotation basis.The Committee periodically meets to set Federal Reserve guidelines regarding purchases and sales of Government Securities in the open market as a means of influencing the volume of bank credit and money. FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM:The central bank of the United States created by Congress and consisting of a seven member Board of Governors in Washington, D.C., 12 regional banks and about 5,700 commercial banks that are members of the system. GOVERNMENT NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION (GNK8A OR GQNNUE y0AE): G0KqA, like FWIVIA, was chartered underthe Federal National Mortgage Association Act of 1938.Securities guaranteed byGNMAand issued by mortgage bankers,commercial banks,savings and loan associations and other institutions.Security holder is protected by full faith and credit of the U.S.Government.Ginnie Mae securities are backed bmFHA, VA or FMHK1 mortgages.The term poss Uhrnughs is often used 10 describe Ginnie Maes. LIQUIDITY: A liquid asset is one that can be readily converted to cash through sale in an active secondary market. LOCAL GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT POOL(NG|P): Pools through which governmental entities may invest short term cash. Examples of LGIP's are the Illinois Funds, administered by the Illinois State Treasurer and the Illinois Metropolitan Investment Fund. MARKET VALUE:The price a1 which a security could presumably be purchased orsold. MARK TO MARKET:The process ofrestating the carrying value mfanasset or liability to equal its current market value. MASTER REPURCHASE AGREEMENT:Avvri\1en contract covering all future transactions between parties.The agreement establishes each party's right inthe transaction. Repurchase Agreements(REPO's)are a form of short-term borrowing for dealers in government securities. The dealer sells the government securities to investors, usually on an overnight basis,and then buys them back the following day.Forthe party selling the security (and agreeing to repurchase it in the future), it is e repo; for the party on the other end of the transaction (buying the security and agreeing to sell in the future), it is a reverse repurchase agreement.A master agreement will often specify, among other things,the right to liquidate the underlying securities in the event ofdefault. MATURITY: The date upon which the principal or stated value of an investment becomes due and payable. II Attachment A MONEY MARKET:The aggregation of buyers and sellers actively trading money market instruments, OFFER OF OFFERED PRICE:The trading price proposed bythe prospective seller of securities(also called the asked or asking price). OPEN MARKET OPERATIONS: Purchases and sales of government and certain other securities in the open market by the New York Federal Reserve Bank as directed by the FOMC in order to influence the volume uf money and credit in the economy. Purchases inject reserves into the bank system and stimulate growth of money and credit; sales have the opposite effect. Open market operations are the Federal Reserve's most important and most flexible monetary policy tool. PORTFOLIO: Collection of financial assets belonging tma single owner. PREMIUM:The amount by which the price for a security is greater than its par amount. PRIMARY DEALER:A group of government securities dealers that submit daily reports of marketactivity and positions and monthly financial statements to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and are subject to its informal oversight. Primary dealers include Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC)-registered securities broker-dea|ens, banks, and a few unrelated firms. PRUDENT PERSON RULE:An investment standard. In some states the |avv requires that a fiduciary, such as a trustee, may invest money only in a list of securities selected by the state the so-called legal list. |n other states the trustee may invest in a security if it is one which would be bought by a prudent person of discretion and intelligence who is seeking a reasonable income and preservation of capital. QUALIFIED PUBLIC DEPOSITORIES:Afinanda| institution which does not claim exemption from the payment mf any sales or compensating use orad valorem taxes under the laws of this state, which has segregated for the benefit ofthe commission eligible collateral having a value of not less than its maximum liability and which has been approved by the Public Deposit Protection Commission to hold public deposits. RATE OF RETURN:The yield obtainable on a security based on its purchase price or its current market price. This may be the amortized yield to maturity on a bond or the current income return. REINVESTMENT RISK:The riskthat all or part of the principal may be received when interest rates are lower than when the security was originally purchased, ao that the principal must be reinvested at lower rate than the rate originally received by the investor. REPURCHASE AGREEMENT(RP OR REPO]: See Master Repurchase Agreement. 12 Attachment A SAFEKEEPING: A service rendered by banks whereby securities and valuables of all types and descriptions are held by the bank. SEC RULE 1SC3-1: See uniform net capital rule. SECONDARY MARKET: Markets for the purchase and sale of any previously issued financial instrument. SECURITIES& EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEQ:The federal agency with responsibility for regulating financial exchanges for cash instruments. SPREAD OVER TREASURIES:The difference between the bond equivalent yield for any investment and the bond equivalent yield for a Treasury investment with the same maturity. TREASURY B|LUSA-BULLS1: Short-term obligations issued by the U.S.Treasury for maturities of one year or less. They do not pay interest but are issued ona discount basis instead. TREASURY BONDS(T-BONDS): Long-term obligations issued by the U.S.Treasury with initial maturities of more than ten years. TREASURY NOTES(T-NOTES): Medium-term obligations issued by the U.S.Treasury with initial maturities of from one to ten years. UNIFORM NET CAPITAL RULE:Securities and Exchange Commission requirement that member firms as well as non-member broker dealers in securities maintain a maximum ratio of indebtedness to liquid capital of 15 to 1; also called net capital rule and net capital ratio. Indebtedness covers all money owed to a firm including margin loans and commitments to purchase securities, one reason new public issues are spread among members of underwriting syndicate. Liquid capital includes cash and assets easily converted tmcash. YIELD: Loosely refers to the annual return on an investment expressed as a percentage onan annual basis. For interest-bea ring securities,the yield is a function of the rate,the purchase price,the income that can be earned from the reinvestment ofincome received prior to maturity, call or sale. Different formulas or methods are used to calculate yields. Adopted April I8, 2Ol6 13