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2025-06-02 - Village Board Committee of the Whole - Agenda Packet Page 1 of 1 AGENDA BUFFALO GROVE VILLAGE BOARD Committee of the Whole: June 2, 2025 at 7:00 PM Jeffrey S. Braiman Council Chambers Fifty Raupp Blvd Buffalo Grove, IL 60089-2139 1. Call to Order a. Pledge of Allegiance b. Roll Call 2. Village President's Report 3. Special Business a. Fire Department Strategic Plan Overview (Trustee Richards, Lawrence Kane) b. FY 2025 20-Year Water Proforma (Trustee Cesario, Chris Black) c. Public Safety Pension Funding (Trustee Cesario, Chris Black) d. General Fund Financial Forecast - FY2026 - FY2030 (Trustee Cesario, Chris Black) 4. Public Comment Public Comment is limited to items that are not on the regular agenda. In accordance with Section 2.02.070 of the Municipal Code, discussion on questions from the audience will be limited to 5 minutes and should be limited to concerns or comments regarding issues that are relevant to Village Board business. All members of the public addressing the Village Board shall maintain proper decorum and refrain from making disrespectful remarks or comments relating to individuals. Speakers shall use every attempt to not be repetitive of points that have been made by others. The Village Board may refer any matter of public comment to the Village Manager, Village staff or an appropriate agency for review. 5. Executive Session 6. Adjournment The Village Board will make every effort to accommodate all items on the agenda by 10:30 p.m. The Board does, however, reserve the right to defer consideration of matters to another meeting should the discussion run past 10:30 p.m. The Village of Buffalo Grove, in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, requests that persons with disabilities who require certain accommodations to allow them to observe and/or participate in this meeting or have questions about the accessibility of the meeting or facilities, contact the ADA Coordinator at 847-459-2500 to allow the Village to make reasonable accommodations for those persons. Page 1 of 28 Page 1 of 1 AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY BUFFALO GROVE VILLAGE BOARD Committee of the Whole: June 2, 2025 AGENDA ITEM 3.a. Fire Department Strategic Plan Overview Contacts Liaison: Trustee Richards Staff: Lawrence Kane Staff Recommendation Staff recommends presentation. Summary Staff will provide an overview of the strategic planning process taking place in the fire department. Strategic Alignment Guiding Principle Principle 1: Financially Responsible and Sound Principle 2: Outstanding Village Services Principle 3: Plan and Invest in the Future Principle 4: High Performing Village Team Principle 5: Partnership with Local Districts Principle 6: Engages Our Residents Principle 7: Builds Our Community Goal Goal 1: Maintained effective village government: fiscally responsible and providing outstanding, responsive services Goal 3: Strengthened Buffalo Grove community identity and pride Goal 4: Vibrant and innovative community: leading edge File Attachments None Page 2 of 28 Page 1 of 1 AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY BUFFALO GROVE VILLAGE BOARD Committee of the Whole: June 2, 2025 AGENDA ITEM 3.b. FY 2025 20-Year Water Proforma Contacts Liaison: Trustee Cesario Staff: Chris Black Staff Recommendation Staff recommends presentation. Summary See Attached Memorandum Strategic Alignment Guiding Principle Principle 1: Financially Responsible and Sound Principle 2: Outstanding Village Services Principle 3: Plan and Invest in the Future Goal Goal 1: Maintained effective village government: fiscally responsible and providing outstanding, responsive services File Attachments 1. COW Memo 6.2.25 Water Pro Forma 2. COW 6.2.25 Water PF Attachement Page 3 of 28 Page 1 of 5 DATE:June 2, 2025 TO:Village Manager Dane Bragg FROM:Chris Black, Finance Director SUBJECT:FY 2025 20-year Water Pro-Forma BACKGROUND In 2012, the Village developed a 20-year Water and Sewer Fund pro-forma to evaluate the water and sewer system’s infrastructure needs. As identified in previous pro-forma, the Village’s historical rates were not sufficient to fund water and sewer operations and capital needs. In 2019, the Village Board directed staff to develop a formal funding strategy for the Water and Sewer Fund that would allow needed capital improvements to occur over the next 20 years. The goal was to develop a funding strategy to complete $150 million of water and sewer infrastructure. The strategy could not impact the Village’s property tax levy and maintain a competitive water rate amongst other providers within the region. As a result, the Village Board adopted a new rate structure and fixed facility fee, effective January 2020. Furthermore, the Village implemented a new local motor fuel tax in an effort to align roadwork with water and sewer improvements. Accompanying this memorandum is an updated 20-year water pro-forma reflecting the new rate structure, including a 2025 increase in the fixed facility fee. A debt issuance for fund improvements occurred in 2020 and additional bond issues are planned for 2030 and 2033. The pro-forma shows that Public Works is able to complete over $200 million in water and sewer capital infrastructure through 2044. RATE AND CONSUMPTION HISTORY The Village maintained a water and sewer rate of $1.80/1,000 gallons for twenty-three years (1983 through 2005). Funding for future infrastructure replacement was never a component of the rate structure. The Village was able to adequately maintain the water and sewer system without increasing rates during the time period for several reasons. First, Developers donated approximately 53 percent of the water and sewer system assets when the Village experienced growth in the 1980’s and 1990’s. In addition, revenues increased due to growing water consumption and the receipt of building and development fees. Growing revenue, combined with more limited capital needs due to the age of the MEMORANDUM Page 4 of 28 Page 2 of 5 system, allowed the Village to fund infrastructure improvements on a pay-as-you-go basis from Water and Sewer Fund cash reserves. Beginning in 2003, a pattern of declining water usage started. In 2002, 1.63 billion gallons of water were billed. In 2024, the Village billed customers for 1.13 billion gallons, a decrease of 44 percent from 2002. Billable gallons are not expected to reach those levels again, absent a significant drought or the addition of heavy industrial uses. The following chart shows the annual billed since 2015. The latest pro-forma uses an estimate of 1.15 billion gallons and will carry forward through the next 20 years. Although there will be an increase in total consumers over the next two decades with Link Crossing and the Lake Cook Corridor Developments, continued conservation efforts, weather patterns, and other impacts on water usage could partially offset that growth. The Village has an agreement in place for the resale of potable water to the Pekara and Horatio Gardens neighborhoods with the Lake County Public Works Department. The proposed agreement allows the Village to utilize its existing pumping and reservoir capacity to provide water to Pekara/Horatio Gardens while providing a high-quality and reliable water source. The pro-forma includes revenue and expenses related to the agreement beginning in the first quarter of 2025. Also, the projected expenses and revenues of a Utility Loan Program are included in the pro forma. The financial impact of the program on the Water and Sewer Fund is negligible. WATER AND SEWER SYSTEM ASSETS The utility system consists of 185 linear miles of water and sewer main. Based on actual experience in the field, the service life of the water main infrastructure is 65 years. Over the next 20 years, it is estimated that 24 percent of the water mains will reach the end of their useful life. As the first iterations of infrastructure replacement have come due, the Village has engaged in extensive study of the system and 1,080,000 1,100,000 1,120,000 1,140,000 1,160,000 1,180,000 1,200,000 1,220,000 1,240,000 1,260,000 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Annual Gallons Billed (in thousands) Page 5 of 28 Page 3 of 5 developed a replacement program, culminating in 2020’s Infrastructure Modernization Program. The following chart shows the pattern of construction of water main since 1929. Sewer assets have a longer life span as the structures are not pressurized. The Village’s preferred approach is to line existing sanitary sewer mains, thereby extending life considerably while reducing the life cycle cost of the asset. As a general rule, sanitary sewer lining can extend the life of a gravity-fed main by 50 years. RECENT RATE CHANGES Fixed Facility Fee As recommended in the water and sewer rate analysis prepared by Strand and Associates, the Village Board implemented a new fixed facility fee per metered utility account, starting in 2020. The fixed facility fee is a flat rate assessed to each metered account for access to the water and sewer system. In November 2024, the Village increased the fixed facility fee rate effective beginning January 1, 2025. Per Village Code, the fixed fee was to be evaluated every five years by utilizing the aggregate Consumer Price Index (CPI-U) over the preceding five-year period to determine the amount the rate must be increased. Rather than implementing a 22 percent increase based on the evaluation, the rate increases 10 percent in 2025 and 2.5 percent every year thereafter. The fixed fees collected are used for the maintenance and replacement of the capital infrastructure for the delivery of clean water and the removal of the wastewater. The current fee schedule is as follows: Fixed Facility Fee Rate per month All Single-Family Detached, Single-Family Attached Residential/Governmental/Institutional $19.13 Multi-Family, Commercial/Industrial Based on Meter Size 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 19 2 8 19 5 9 19 6 3 19 6 8 19 7 1 19 7 4 19 7 7 19 8 0 19 8 3 19 8 6 19 8 9 19 9 2 19 9 5 19 9 8 20 0 1 20 0 4 20 0 7 20 1 1 20 1 5 20 1 8 20 2 1 20 2 4 Feet Water Main Construction (In Linear Feet) Page 6 of 28 Page 4 of 5 Water/Sewer Rate The Village’s consumption model is driven by water rate and consumer use. The fees collected from system users should cover operating expenses such as the cost of the water sourced from the Northwest Water Commission as well as the cost for pumping, storage and distribution. In 2020, the Village Board approved a one-time 11 percent increase, so revenue would keep pace with expected increases in operating expenditures. Beginning in 2021, the rate will increase each year by 4 percent, as adopted by ordinance by the Village Board. The current combined sewer and water rate per 1,000 gallons is $8.57. WATER AND SEWER FUND FINANCIALS Historically, the Water and Sewer Fund addressed infrastructure maintenance and improvement on a pay as you go basis. Due to the relative age of the system, many system repairs and replacements are coming due over the next 20 years based on the growth periods for the Village. Since 2012, $40.7 million in infrastructure repairs and improvements has been spent, including $6 million in water meter replacement costs. The meter replacement costs were funded through an installment note scheduled to be retired in 2029. As noted, the Village Board approved two revenue streams, a fixed facility fee combined with a water/sewer rate increase and a local motor fuel tax to fund capital improvements. These actions allow the Village to address the first generation of major water and sewer infrastructure replacement, as well as street repair and replacement. By combining utility and street improvements, the Village is able to comprehensively address repairs and improvements in neighborhoods and limit disruption to residents. In May 2020, the Board also approved the issuance of a bond totaling $26 million - $13 million for water/sewer and $13 million for streets, to begin the Infrastructure Modernization Program. The entire amount of the bond proceeds was exhausted on projects by the end of FY 2022. The long-term goal is to transition from a debt and cash strategy to a cash-only strategy (pay-as-you-go) to fund all system replacements. From 2020 through 2024, the Village has completed $26.1 million in water and sewer capital projects. The Village completed approximately $5.2 million in capital projects in FY 2024. The Village will utilize water and sewer reserves from 2025 through 2029 to fund capital improvements. In 2030 and again in 2033, the Village will need to issue additional debt to keep pace with the water and sewer improvements. The debt could be fully supported by water and sewer user charges. All debt is scheduled to be retired by 2048. 1" meters or less $19.13 1.5" meters $24.22 2" meters $49.69 3" meters $127.45 4" meters $198.75 6” meters $219.12 Page 7 of 28 Page 5 of 5 After completing the largest surge of infrastructure replacement through 2040, the Water and Sewer fund begins to rebuild cash balances from 2040 through 2044, while also supporting over $40.6 million in capital improvements during the same period. As a result of the Village’s careful infrastructure planning, Public Works is able to complete over $160 million in water and sewer capital infrastructure through 2039, consistent with the recommendations of the Strand & Associates water/sewer system study. Page 8 of 28 WATER & SEWER FUND BUDGET YEAR 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 Beginning Cash 12,722,967 6,825,738 4,189,529 1,836,995 1,745,531 2,608,142 20,588,393 11,662,380 5,093,904 20,297,193 14,903,337 9,975,734 5,892,079 4,322,209 3,149,505 3,309,952 4,117,046 5,590,312 7,770,700 11,653,901 Water and Sewer Revenue Sale of Water 8,412,041 8,852,122 9,209,161 9,578,512 9,960,175 10,354,150 10,772,749 11,203,659 11,646,880 12,114,725 12,594,882 13,099,662 13,629,066 14,170,781 14,737,120 15,328,082 15,943,668 16,583,877 17,248,709 17,938,165 Fixed Facility Fees 2,750,000 2,818,750 2,889,219 2,961,449 3,035,485 3,111,373 3,189,157 3,268,886 3,350,608 3,434,373 3,520,232 3,608,238 3,698,444 3,790,905 3,885,678 3,982,820 4,082,390 4,184,450 4,289,061 4,396,288 Late Charges 170,600 173,200 175,800 178,400 181,100 183,800 186,600 189,400 192,200 195,100 198,000 201,000 204,000 207,100 210,200 213,400 216,600 219,800 223,100 226,400 Village Sewer Use Fees 1,966,500 2,047,000 2,127,500 2,208,000 2,300,000 2,392,000 2,484,000 2,587,500 2,691,000 2,794,500 2,909,500 3,024,500 3,151,000 3,277,500 3,404,000 3,542,000 3,680,000 3,829,500 3,979,000 4,140,000 Series 2020 Bonds Series 2030 Bonds 26,000,000 Series 2033 Bonds 20,000,000 Grants Other Charges & Fees 96,742 94,444 85,959 85,606 91,616 96,919 94,444 85,959 85,606 91,616 96,919 94,444 85,959 85,606 91,616 96,919 94,444 85,959 85,959 85,606 Investment Revenue 127,230 68,260 41,900 18,370 17,460 26,080 205,880 116,620 50,940 202,970 149,030 99,760 58,920 43,220 31,500 33,100 41,170 55,900 38,850 116,540 Total Revenue 13,523,113 14,053,776 14,529,539 15,030,337 15,585,836 42,164,321 16,932,830 17,452,024 38,017,234 18,833,284 19,468,563 20,127,604 20,827,390 21,575,112 22,360,114 23,196,321 24,058,273 24,959,487 25,864,680 26,902,999 Operating Expenses Water Department 4,806,035 4,917,309 5,014,293 5,149,406 5,242,695 5,344,209 5,443,996 5,552,106 5,698,592 5,803,507 5,916,904 6,028,839 6,149,368 6,308,549 6,426,443 6,553,110 6,678,613 6,813,015 6,954,383 7,130,783 Sewer Department 1,060,213 1,084,068 1,108,460 1,133,400 1,158,902 1,184,977 1,211,639 1,238,901 1,266,776 1,295,278 1,324,422 1,354,221 1,384,691 1,415,847 1,447,704 1,480,277 1,513,583 1,547,639 1,582,461 1,618,066 Total Operating Expenses 5,866,248 6,001,377 6,122,753 6,282,806 6,401,597 6,529,186 6,655,635 6,791,007 6,965,368 7,098,785 7,241,326 7,383,060 7,534,059 7,724,396 7,874,147 8,033,387 8,192,196 8,360,654 8,536,844 8,748,849 Capital Expenses Capital Projects 9,600,000 7,000,000 7,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 14,000,000 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 8,000,000 8,000,000 8,000,000 8,000,000 8,000,000 7,640,325 9,000,000 Capital Equipment 231,530 243,110 255,270 268,030 281,430 295,500 310,280 325,790 342,080 359,180 377,140 396,000 415,800 436,590 458,420 481,340 505,410 518,045 557,210 518,045 Water Meter Debt Service 753,245 807,270 864,413 924,841 384,828 - - - - - IEPA Loan 26,128 26,128 26,128 26,128 26,128 26,128 26,128 26,128 26,128 Series 2020 Debt Service 1,121,950 946,950 948,700 946,200 947,075 946,475 947,700 948,175 947,900 946,875 947,600 Series 2022 Debt Service 802,941 638,450 629,609 629,996 629,768 641,035 660,000 660,000 660,000 660,000 660,000 1,253,000 1,258,000 1,386,431 660,000 660,000 660,000 660,000 - Series 2030 Debt Service 684,646 2,189,200 2,190,600 2,190,000 2,192,400 2,192,600 2,190,600 2,191,400 2,189,800 2,190,800 2,189,200 2,190,000 2,193,000 2,190,000 2,193,000 Series 2033 Debt Service 594,669 1,873,000 1,871,400 1,873,200 1,873,200 1,876,400 1,872,600 1,872,000 1,874,400 1,874,600 1,874,400 1,874,600 Total Capital Expenses 12,535,794 9,661,908 9,724,120 7,795,195 7,269,229 16,593,784 18,133,308 16,150,693 14,760,777 16,031,455 16,048,740 15,712,800 13,738,400 13,889,221 13,181,820 13,202,540 13,229,810 13,245,645 12,261,935 13,585,645 Operating Transfers Water Department - Tax Abatement 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 Reimburse General Fund 838,300 846,700 855,200 863,800 872,400 881,100 889,900 898,800 907,800 916,900 926,100 935,400 944,800 954,200 963,700 973,300 983,000 992,800 1,002,700 1,012,700 Total Operating Transfers 1,018,300 1,026,700 1,035,200 1,043,800 1,052,400 1,061,100 1,069,900 1,078,800 1,087,800 1,096,900 1,106,100 1,115,400 1,124,800 1,134,200 1,143,700 1,153,300 1,163,000 1,172,800 1,182,700 960,000 Revenues over (under) Expenses (5,897,229) (2,636,209) (2,352,534) (91,464) 862,610 17,980,251 (8,926,013) (6,568,476) 15,203,288 (5,393,856) (4,927,603) (4,083,656) (1,569,869) (1,172,705) 160,447 807,094 1,473,267 2,180,387 3,883,201 3,842,312 Unreserved Ending Cash 6,825,738 4,189,529 1,836,995 1,745,531 2,608,142 20,588,393 11,662,380 5,093,904 20,297,193 14,903,337 9,975,734 5,892,079 4,322,209 3,149,505 3,309,952 4,117,046 5,590,312 7,770,700 11,653,901 17,943,401 Required Working Cash* 1,466,562 1,500,344 1,530,688 1,570,702 1,600,399 1,632,297 1,663,909 1,697,752 1,741,342 1,774,696 1,810,332 1,845,765 1,883,515 1,931,099 1,968,537 2,008,347 2,048,049 2,090,164 2,134,211 2,125,453 Est Gallons Billed (in thousands) 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 1,150,000 Page 9 of 28 Page 1 of 1 AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY BUFFALO GROVE VILLAGE BOARD Committee of the Whole: June 2, 2025 AGENDA ITEM 3.c. Public Safety Pension Funding Contacts Liaison: Trustee Cesario Staff: Chris Black Staff Recommendation Staff recommends presentation. Summary Staff will provide a presentation on public safety pensions funding status, the FY 2026 contribution, and future funding. Strategic Alignment Guiding Principle Principle 1: Financially Responsible and Sound Principle 3: Plan and Invest in the Future Goal Goal 1: Maintain effective village government: fiscally responsible and providing outstanding, responsive services File Attachments None Page 10 of 28 Page 1 of 1 AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY BUFFALO GROVE VILLAGE BOARD Committee of the Whole: June 2, 2025 AGENDA ITEM 3.d. General Fund Financial Forecast - FY2026 - FY2030 Contacts Liaison: Trustee Cesario Staff: Chris Black Staff Recommendation Staff recommends presentation. Summary Please see attached memorandum. Strategic Alignment Guiding Principle Principle 1: Financially Responsible and Sound Principle 2: Outstanding Village Services Principle 3: Plan and Invest in the Future Goal Goal 1: Maintained effective village government: fiscally responsible and providing outstanding, responsive services File Attachments 1. Five Year General Fund Forecast 2026-2030 Page 11 of 28 Village of Buffalo Grove A Financial Assessment of General Fund Revenues and Expenditures Village of Buffalo Grove - General Fund Financial Forecast FY 2026 – FY 2030 Page 12 of 28 The purpose of the Five-Year Operating Forecast is to help the Village of Buffalo Grove make informed, operational decisions by better anticipating future revenues and expenditures. Using the forecasted data, the Village can plan strategies for providing a consistent, appropriate level of service to the customers while ensuring the revenues and expenditures remain in a sustainable balance. The primary objective of the forecast is to provide the Village Board and related stakeholders with an early financial assessment and identify significant issues that should be addressed in the budget development process. For the purposes of constructing the forecast, operating revenues are measured against operating expenditures without including any prior period fund balance to subsidize revenue. The goals of the forecast are to assess the Village’s ability, over the next five years, to maintain current service levels based on projected revenue growth, evaluate future sustainability by aligning operating revenues and expenditures, and ensure proper funding of infrastructure reserves. The assessment analyzes the capacity to fund capital projects and maintain a minimum unassigned fund balance reserve at three months of budget expenditures (25%). It is important to stress that this forecast is not a budget. It does not dictate expenditure decisions; rather it identifies the need to prioritize allocations of Village resources. The forecast sets the stage for the budget process and aids both staff and the Village Board in establishing priorities and allocating resources appropriately. As a governmental entity, changes in strategy that involve service delivery should be slow and methodical. The forecast provides a snapshot of the Village’s fiscal health based on numerous assumptions over the next five years. The forecast is a planning tool and should be considered fluid in its construction. As new significant data or trends emerge the document will be revised, at minimum, on an annual basis. In each of the five years, revenues offset operating expenses, and the budgets are anticipated to be in balance. However, expenses are expected to outpace average annual revenue growth by 0.8 percent per year. After including amounts needed for reserves and capital, there is a shortfall every year in the forecast. This illustrates the need to continue efforts to finance capital improvements, as well as operating efficiently and review revenue sources for adequacy, efficiency, and diversification. FORECAST METHODOLOGIES AND ASSUMPTIONS REVENUES The General Fund is the main operating fund and accounts for the core public services provided by the Village including public safety (police & fire), public works, community development, as well as operations that support core services. All major discretionary revenues such as property tax, sales tax, income tax, telecommunication excise tax, and utility use tax are accounted for within the General Fund. The Finance Department works with departments responsible for administering the service and/or collecting the associated revenue to develop program revenues. EXPENDITURES The intent of the Five- Year Operating Forecast is to evaluate resource allocations to ensure the proper funding levels for services, capital, infrastructure and maintaining reserves. OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY Page 13 of 28 The expenditures assumed in the forecast are based on the current service levels. No additional staffing has been included in the estimates. Actual expenditures for 2024 and the 2025 budget amounts are the basis for the five-year estimates. The General Fund is the primary focus of the forecast because it represents nearly half of the total Village Budget. The second largest Village Fund is the Water and Sewer Fund, accounting for 11.4 percent of the total budget. A twenty-year funding analysis is completed annually for that enterprise activity. In the absence of any known service level modifications, the forecast assumes the continuation of current service levels and the costs projected over five years. Revenues are estimated based on anticipated growth and do not consider increases in revenues generated by new fees or increases in fees, new development, or charges beyond what is prescribed by current ordinance. ECONOMIC OUTLOOK In the development of a long-term financial forecast, the Village reviews external and internal factors that could impact either the collection of revenue or the price of acquiring goods or providing services. Evaluating how the regional impact of the national economy (macro) influences the local economy (micro) is an important step in the process. The national economy affects both state and local economies, although this impact varies by jurisdiction and may actually have an inverse effect on a community. Some of the economic indicators the Village uses in financial analysis include inflation, stock market returns, employment, housing starts, vehicle sales, interest rates, and manufacturing activity. ECONOMIC INDICATORS - NATIONAL Inflation – The Consumer Price Index (CPI), commonly referred to as the inflation rate, measures the average price change for a market basket of consumer goods and services. The Bureau of Labor Statistics classifies each expenditure item in the basket into more than 200 categories catalogued into eight major groups. The Consumer Price Index is used as the inflationary factor for specific non-personnel services. The cost of goods sold increases with inflation, leading to additional retail sales tax revenue. As prices rise, so will business income tax receipts. Conversely, the Village will have to pay more for goods and services. The most recent (April 2025) Consumer Price Index is at 2.3 percent over that same month the prior year. This is the smallest 12-month increase since February 2021 and was below the 2.4 percent in March. Stock Market Returns – Stock market returns are a leading indicator and will change before the economy changes. Approximately 70 percent of all Village pension funds are invested in mutual funds and/or individual stocks. The performance of the stock market is a significant factor in determining the growth of the property tax levy for pensions. It is assumed the pension funds will earn seven percent annually through investment returns. Employment – Retail and vehicle sales tend to have inverse relationships with the unemployment rate. Sales tend to move in the opposite direction of the unemployment rate. Chronic unemployment often spills over into the residential real estate market resulting in lost real estate transfer tax revenue. Housing Market - This indicator provides a sense of the overall demand for housing, which can be indicative of local housing activity. Data maintained by local realtor groups is useful in projecting the future of market recoveries. Interest rates – The interest rate impacts the Village’s revenues in several ways. The availability and cost of capital directly affect business expansion and retail purchases. As credit is extended and/or rates are Page 14 of 28 lowered, revolving purchases may increase, thereby increasing development plans and retail sales and, by extension, sales tax and business licenses revenues. Second, the village’s investment income will be affected by interest rates. Manufacturing activity – If a Village has a large manufacturing sector, the ISM (Institute of Supply Management Index) becomes a significant factor in revenue analysis and forecasting. Manufacturers respond to the demand for their products by increasing production and building up inventories to meet the demand. The increased production often requires new workers, which lowers unemployment figures and can stimulate the local economy. ECONOMIC INDICATORS - LOCAL Although national economic indicators do have some trickle-down impact on the Village Budget, there are regional and local economic factors that have a direct influence over revenues and expenditures. Some of those factors that have been considered moving into the next five-year update include: •Impact of the Real Estate Market and Assessed Valuations. Assessed values for taxable property continue with positive growth. For the 2023 Levy (Collected 2024), total assessed value increased 4.98 percent. Lake County values increased by 5.49 percent while Cook County property values increased by 3.19 percent. With data being available solely for Lake County, the anticipated increase for the 2024 levy (Collected 2025) is 6.58 percent. See the chart below to see the ten- year, combined county history of equalized assessed values. •State of Illinois Legislation. As the State of Illinois has experience financial difficulties over the last decade, staff continues to monitor legislative discussions that could have a direct financial impact on Village revenues. The most recent threat to municipal revenues was a law approved last year by the General Assembly eliminating the statewide grocery tax starting January 1, 2026. Earlier this year, the Village exercised its authority to impose a local grocery tax effective when the statewide tax is eliminated. •Impact of Employer Pension Costs. The tax levies for the three pension systems account for 37.7 percent of the property tax levy. Additional pressure on the tax levy to support growing pension costs will impact the ability to increase taxes for core services. Bond rating agencies continue to site pension obligations as a downward pressure on the Village’s ability to maintain the Aaa rating with S&P. •Health Care Inflation. After wages, health care costs are the single largest expenditure category in the fund and the Village continually reviews the structure of the plan to limit the amount of growth 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 2015 2016 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Equalized Assessed Value - Lake and Cook Counties 2015 - 2024 Mi l l i o n s Page 15 of 28 on an annual basis. The Village is a member of the Intergovernmental Personnel Benefits Cooperative (IPBC). This insurance pool helps to dilute risk and helps to leverage purchasing power. •Commercial/Retail Development. The economy’s impact on existing sales tax generators as well as development or redevelopment of Dundee, Milwaukee Road corridors and Lake Cook Corridors continues to be an important cog in economic development. The village has seen several new projects completed such as the NCH Office Building and the $150 million Clove Development, which is near completion in Lake Cook TIF. With the formation of the Dundee Road TIF, the Bison Crossing development, which includes a Tesla sales and service center that opened in April and luxury residential and commercial outlots. •Infrastructure. The ability to keep pace with the maintenance needs of Village owned assets continues to be a significant financial challenge. The Village owns and maintains $343 million in capital assets, excluding depreciation, across all activities. Page 16 of 28 Listed below is the five-year update to the General Fund Forecast. The remainder of the report will describe the methodologies used to develop both revenues and expenditures. GENERAL FUND FIVE-YEAR FORECAST – OPERATING Revenue 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Growth Property Taxes 17,115,900 17,458,218 17,807,382 18,163,530 18,526,801 1.02 Income & Use Taxes 8,459,800 8,671,295 8,888,077 9,110,279 9,338,036 1.025 State Sales Tax 9,464,500 9,701,113 9,943,640 10,192,231 10,447,037 1.025 Home Rule Sales Tax 6,928,300 7,066,866 7,208,203 7,352,367 7,499,415 1.02 Real Estate Transfer Tax 1,009,800 1,029,996 1,050,596 1,071,608 1,093,040 1.02 Telecommunications Tax 720,000 720,000 720,000 720,000 720,000 1.00 Prepared Food and Beverage Tax 918,000 936,360 955,087 974,189 993,673 1.02 Utility Tax-Electric/Natural Gas 2,650,000 2,650,000 2,650,000 2,650,000 2,650,000 1.00 Licenses 411,400 411,400 411,400 411,400 411,400 1.00 Building Revenue & Fees 1,275,400 1,288,154 1,301,036 1,314,046 1,327,186 1.01 Intergovernmental Revenue-Local 383,600 391,272 399,097 407,079 415,221 1.02 Fines & Fees-Police & Fire 2,476,645 2,501,411 2,526,426 2,551,690 2,577,207 1.01 Storm Water Management Fees 1,140,000 1,140,000 1,140,000 1,140,000 1,140,000 1.00 Operating Transfers 838,300 855,066 872,167 889,611 907,403 1.02 Cable Franchise Fees 735,000 735,000 735,000 735,000 735,000 1.00 Miscellaneous Revenue 1,450,700 1,465,207 1,479,859 1,494,658 1,509,604 1.01 Total Revenues 55,977,345 57,021,358 58,087,971 59,177,688 60,291,023 Annual Increase 1.9%1.9%1.9%1.9%1.9% Expenditure 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Growth Personal Services 25,704,563 26,475,699 27,269,970 28,088,070 28,930,712 1.03 Personal Benefits 12,506,747 12,881,950 13,268,408 13,666,460 14,076,454 1.03 Operating Expenses 4,057,200 4,138,344 4,221,111 4,305,533 4,391,644 1.02 Insurance & Legal Services 1,817,545 1,890,246 1,965,856 2,044,490 2,126,270 1.04 Commodities 390,371 400,131 410,134 420,387 430,897 1.025 Maintenance & Repairs 3,894,995 3,992,370 4,092,179 4,194,483 4,299,346 1.025 All Other Expenses 4,684,122 4,730,964 4,778,273 4,778,273 4,826,056 1.01 Total Expenditures 53,055,543 54,509,703 56,005,932 57,497,697 59,081,378 Page 17 of 28 Operating Surplus/Shortfall) 2,921,802 2,511,655 2,082,040 1,679,991 1,209,645 Annual Increase 2.7%2.7%2.7%2.7%2.8% FORECAST STRUCTURE The forecast provides three levels of analysis. The first level (above) is to show the General Fund’s ability to meet day-to-day expenditures. The highlighted row design (Operating Surplus/Deficit) is an indicator of whether anticipated revenues support operating expenditures. In all five years of the forecast, revenues will support current services. This is a measure of short-term sustainability. The second level of the analysis includes transfers for capital projects and infrastructure reserves. Long term sustainability is measured through the Village’s ability to invest in infrastructure including funding reserves for vehicles, buildings, equipment, technology, streets (with state and local motor fuel taxes and grants), and projects in the Capital Improvement Plan. All projects submitted for inclusion in the FY 2025 – FY 2029 CIP have been added to this report. After including these transfers, the cumulative fund shortfall at the end of FY 2029 is estimated to be nearly $169.8 million. GENERAL FUND FIVE-YEAR FORECAST – OPERATING WITH CAPITAL Revenue 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Growth Property Taxes 17,115,900 17,458,218 17,807,382 18,163,530 18,526,801 1.02 Income & Use Taxes 8,459,800 8,671,295 8,888,077 9,110,279 9,338,036 1.025 State Sales Tax 9,464,500 9,701,113 9,943,640 10,192,231 10,447,037 1.025 Home Rule Sales Tax 6,928,300 7,066,866 7,208,203 7,352,367 7,499,415 1.02 Real Estate Transfer Tax 1,009,800 1,029,996 1,050,596 1,071,608 1,093,040 1.02 Telecommunications Tax 720,000 720,000 720,000 720,000 720,000 1.00 Prepared Food and Beverage Tax 918,000 936,360 955,087 974,189 993,673 1.02 Utility Tax-Electric/Natural Gas 2,650,000 2,650,000 2,650,000 2,650,000 2,650,000 1.00 Licenses 411,400 411,400 411,400 411,400 411,400 1.00 Building Revenue & Fees 1,275,400 1,288,154 1,301,036 1,314,046 1,327,186 1.01 Intergovernmental Revenue- Local 383,600 391,272 399,097 407,079 415,221 1.02 Fines & Fees-Police & Fire 2,476,645 2,501,411 2,526,426 2,551,690 2,577,207 1.01 Storm Water Management Fees 1,140,000 1,140,000 1,140,000 1,140,000 1,140,000 1.00 Operating Transfers 838,300 855,066 872,167 889,611 907,403 1.02 Cable Franchise Fees 735,000 735,000 735,000 735,000 735,000 1.00 Miscellaneous Revenue 1,450,700 1,465,207 1,479,859 1,494,658 1,509,604 1.01 Total Revenues 55,977,345 57,021,358 58,087,971 59,177,688 60,291,023 Page 18 of 28 Annual Increase 1.9%1.9%1.9%1.9%1.9% Expenditure 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Growth Personal Services 25,704,563 26,475,699 27,269,970 28,088,070 28,930,712 1.03 Personal Benefits 12,506,747 12,881,950 13,268,408 13,666,460 14,076,454 1.03 Operating Expenses 4,057,200 4,138,344 4,221,111 4,305,533 4,391,644 1.02 Insurance & Legal Services 1,817,545 1,890,246 1,965,856 2,044,490 2,126,270 1.04 Commodities 390,371 400,131 410,134 420,387 430,897 1.025 Maintenance & Repairs 3,894,995 3,992,370 4,092,179 4,194,483 4,299,346 1.025 All Other Expenses 4,684,122 4,730,964 4,778,273 4,778,273 4,826,056 1.01 Total Expenditures 53,055,543 54,509,703 56,005,932 57,497,697 59,081,378 Operating Surplus/Shortfall) 2,921,802 2,511,655 2,082,040 1,679,991 1,209,645 Annual Increase 2.7%2.7%2.7%2.7%2.8% Capital Items & Reserves 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Capital - Vehicles 1,792,000 2,531,000 2,032,000 2,378,000 1,380,000 Capital - Facilities 13,560,000 9,436,700 17,056,750 8,010,000 180,000 Capital - Technology 535,617 1,006,898 568,810 560,818 537,925 Capital - Stormwater 7,100,000 655,000 655,000 100,000 750,000 Street Program 27,080,094 10,530,000 14,740,000 13,700,000 12,450,000 Capital Reserve Funding 2,176,623 2,895,731 2,895,731 2,895,731 2,895,731 Total Capital 52,244,334 27,055,329 37,948,291 27,644,549 18,193,656 Total Fund Excess/(Shortfall)(48,984,635)(24,104,142)(35,412,767)(25,544,432)(16,493,842) The current budgeting strategy is to contribute to capital reserve programs in order to remain on a pay-as- you-go basis of capital asset financing. If reserve amounts are depleted, or inadequately funded, staff will need to consider debt financing for future expenditures. The village has added a significant amount to capital reserves due to strong revenue performance over the last four fiscal years. Over the next five years it is anticipated that $169.8 million funding is needed, above the current forecasted amounts in the General Fund. However, the Village Board has addressed infrastructure funding needs through by the approval of increased water/sewer rates, a local motor fuel tax, and adult use cannabis tax. In addition, the Village utilized American Rescue Plan Funds for infrastructure improvements. In 2020, the Village successfully issued $24 million in general obligation bonds fund infrastructure improvements. In 2025, an additional $25.4 million in bonds were issued to fund street improvements and the construction of Fire Stations 25 and 26. Bond issues are planned for 2030 and 2033 to fund future improvements. RESERVES The General Fund Reserve Policy sets forth a minimum unassigned reserve level of 25 percent of the subsequent year’s budget, excluding transfers to fund capital projects. The preferred balance per policy is 30 percent. Unassigned fund balance above the 30 percent threshold may be allocated to a reserve for revenue stabilization. It is important to maintain a strong reserve level for several reasons, (1) it provides more time to react and respond to revenue threats created by economic conditions, (2) it helps to better withstand any unfunded legislative mandates that will create additional expenditure obligations without corresponding revenue, and (3) to fund unforeseen infrastructure/capital asset costs. Spending down of prior period reserve balances allow the Village time to reallocate resources within the budget and restructure service levels to react to the Page 19 of 28 fiscal environment. After drawing down on the balance to respond to emergency conditions, it is important to rebuild those reserves in order to remain flexible to respond to the next threat. Fund balance should never be used to support day-to-day operations. Absent an unforeseen economic crisis, the use of reserves to support operating expenditures represents a budget that is structurally unbalanced. The estimated General Fund balance unassigned reserve at the end of FY 2024 is $18.57 million or 35 percent of the FY 2024 operating budget. The Village also has designated an additional $1,270,000 for revenue stabilization. GENERAL FUND REVENUES Approximately 83 percent of all General Fund revenue is generated from seven revenue sources including property tax, combined sales tax including prepared food and beverage, income and use tax, telecommunications tax, utility (natural gas & electricity) use tax and real estate transfer tax. Almost half of the Village’s major revenue sources are elastic. Elastic revenues are those sources that tend to fluctuate with the economy. A balance between elastic and inelastic revenue is desired as a hedge against market volatility. General Fund revenues considered to be elastic include sales and use taxes, income taxes, real estate transfer tax, building revenue and fees, and investment income. The property tax is an example of a non-elastic source of revenue as collections are stable and predictable. The Village continues to seek to be less reliant upon state-shared revenues (income, base sales, and telecommunication taxes) and align core services with taxes/fees under local home rule control. PROPERTY TAX There are three components to the Village’s property tax levy. The first component is the Corporate Levy. This levy helps to fund public safety (police and fire) operations. The growth in the corporate levy is tied to inflation. The second component is the Debt Service Levy. This levy covers the principal and interest payment on outstanding debt issuances. The last component is the special purpose/pension levies. The tax levies for the three pension funds (police, Firefighters and IMRF) are calculated by independent actuaries. The levies are structured to cover the normal cost of the pension, an amortized annual amount of the unfunded actuarial liability, and the interest cost on that liability. Unfunded liability grows when actuarial assumptions are not met (interest rate) or when legislative changes (Springfield) are enacted that enhance benefits. Those legislative changes produce unfunded liabilities. Each year the Village determines its levy amount. Since debt service payments are mandatory as are pension contributions, the amount of control the Village has over the tax levy is limited to the Corporate Levy. Future ability to raise property tax revenue to support General Fund operations is challenging as the corporate levy must compete for tax dollars with pension and debt service levies. See the chart below to see where property tax dollars are allocated Property Tax Dollar Distribution Page 20 of 28 The levy request is then applied to the equalized assessed value of all property within the Village to determine a tax rate. Assuming the same tax levy amount, if the property values go up the rate goes down and conversely the rate goes up if the values decline. The total equalized assessed value of property in Buffalo Grove is estimated to be $2,038,066,007 representing a 6.58 percent increase from the previous year. The Lake County portion of the Village’s EAV increases 7.58 percent year over year. Equalized Assessed Valuation Corporate Levy -Public Safety 53.6% Pension Levies, 44.5% Debt Service, 2.0% Page 21 of 28 SALES TAX The growth for both the base (2.5%) and home-rule sales taxes (2.5%) is below the current level of inflation. Combined, this is the second largest revenue source for the Village. The base sales tax revenue is directly related to the dollar value of sales made within the Village. Home rule sales tax applies to the same transactions as the base sales tax except in the following transactions, food for human consumption off the premises where sold (groceries), prescription and non-prescription medicines and tangible personal property that is titled with an agency of the State of Illinois. The assumption for the five-year analysis is that the retail mix will remain substantially similar to what is present today. Base Sales Tax Home Rule Sales Tax 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Cook County Total EAV Lake Couty Equalized Assessed Valuation - Lake and Cook Counties 2015 - 2024 Mi l l i o n s $0 $2,000,000 $4,000,000 $6,000,000 $8,000,000 $10,000,000 $12,000,000 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Page 22 of 28 The Village’s strives to diversify its retail tax base so that no one sector is overly exposed to economic fluctuations. The following chart reflects the Illinois Department of Revenue Standard Industry Codes (SIC) for sales tax remitted to the Village. Retail Sales Tax by Sector INCOME TAX The Illinois Income Tax is imposed on every individual, corporation, trust, and estate earning or receiving income. The tax is calculated by multiplying net income by a flat rate. The current rate is 4.95 percent of net income. The rate was 3.75 percent beginning January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017. The formula for distribution for local governments was 10 percent of the revenue, allocated on a per capita basis, when the rate was 3 percent. When the state rate increased to the current rate, the increase was not included in the distribution, making the effective per capita distribution to municipalities slightly above six percent. The Village’s unemployment rate as of April 2025 is 3.3 percent, which bests the state of Illinois (4.5 percent) and the U.S. (3.9 percent). Income receipts performed very well in 2024 and for the first four months of 2025 due to low unemployment and strong corporate profits. $6,200,000 $6,400,000 $6,600,000 $6,800,000 $7,000,000 $7,200,000 $7,400,000 $7,600,000 $7,800,000 $8,000,000 $8,200,000 $8,400,000 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 General Merchandise 1%Food 20% Drinking and Eating Places Apparel 1% Furniture,HH, & Radio 9% Lumber, Bldg., Hardware 17% Automotive & Filling Stations 5% Drugs & Misc. Retail 19% Agriculture & All Others 20% Manufacturers 1% Page 23 of 28 Income Tax PREPARED FOOD AND BEVERAGE TAX This tax (1%) was adopted in 2008 and is levied on the purchase of prepared food for immediate consumption and the sale of liquor. Similar to sales tax, inflationary growth is the primary reason for revenue increases. The source is projected to increase by two percent annually. There are approximately 100 establishments that charge and remit this tax to the Village. TELECOMMUNICATIONS TAX This tax levied at 6 percent on all types of telecommunications except for digital subscriber lines (DSL) purchased, used, or sold by a provider of internet service (effective July 1, 2008). The exemption of DSL service has made a significant impact on collections. Recent legislation has also mandated that data packages no longer be bundled with all other telecommunications billing for the sake of taxation. Those services have been exempted. This revenue source is down 18.5 percent in FY 2022 from $1.3 million in FY 2019. The forecast calls for no change over the remainder of the plan. UTILITY USE TAX (NATURAL GAS & ELECTRICITY) Natural gas and electricity charges are based on consumption and will fluctuate with seasonal demands. The Village is charging the highest statutory rate. There is no consumption growth projected over the next five years. Any new growth will be predicated on adding square footage to houses or buildings and offset by more energy efficient construction and mechanical systems. REAL ESTATE TRANSFER TAX Real estate transfer tax is collected at the rate of $3 per $1,000 of sales consideration. Sales recovered from FY 2012, when the market reached a low point, through FY 2018. In FY 2022, tax receipts totaled $2.0 million due to the strong real estate market, which resulted in a high volume of sales and increasing sales prices. Revenue declined to $1.01 million in 2024 with the slowing of the real estate market. Real Estate Transfer Tax $0 $1,000,000 $2,000,000 $3,000,000 $4,000,000 $5,000,000 $6,000,000 $7,000,000 $8,000,000 $9,000,000 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Page 24 of 28 EXPENDITURE REVIEW The average annual increase in operating expenditures over the next five years is 2.7 percent. In each of the next five years, wages and benefits account for about 64 percent of all operating expenditures. The next largest expenditure account group is for all other expenses (9 percent). For FY 2025 the distribution of General Fund expenditures is shown in the table below. EXPENDITURE DISTRIBUTION $0 $500,000 $1,000,000 $1,500,000 $2,000,000 $2,500,000 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Page 25 of 28 PERSONAL SERVICES Wages are anticipated to increase by a factor of three percent each year. The wage forecast anticipates the general wage increase plus merit-based pay range adjustments. The forecast does assume retirements with a replacement hired at a lower starting salary. Over half of the workforce is covered by collective bargaining agreements and the Village has less flexibility when addressing wages within the police and fire departments. The budgeted full-time staffing is 217 employees. For all positions, the ratio of municipal employees per 1,000 residents is 5.0 compared to a ratio of 7.8/1,000 in 2010. A major initiative in FY 2015 was to establish a pay for performance system that will allow employees to move through their pay ranges. A merit wage pool was included in the FY 2025 Budget and managed by the Human Resources Department. The ability to advance employees through their pay range based upon performance is critical in maintaining an effective and motivated workforce. PERSONAL B ENEFITS The largest single expenditure within Personal Benefits is for health insurance. The Village is a member of the Intergovernmental Professional Benefits Cooperative (IPBC). As a member of IPBC, the Village is better able to stabilize medical costs through risk pooling and provide for a mechanism to help establish positive cash flow and rebuild reserves. The forecast calls for three percent growth each year in annual premium expense. The employees’ contribution is set at 15 percent of the premium in FY 2025. Continued efforts will be made to maintain costs. A renewed emphasis on wellness programs and evaluating data will be critical in the next few years to help stabilize experience. Employer pension costs have been assigned to each operating department budget. The intent of the accounting was to better represent the true cost of providing a specific service. Public safety pension Personal Services 43% Personal Benefits 21% Operating Expenses 7% Insurance & Legal 3% Commodities 1% Maintenance & Repairs 7% All Other Expenses 9% Capital Reserve Transfers 5% Capital Improvement Plan 4% Page 26 of 28 obligations are anticipated to be $5.8 million in 2025 or 10.4 percent of General Fund operating expenditures. INSURANCE Within the Insurance category is the premium paid for general liability and workers’ compensation coverage. In FY 2016, the Village moved from the Intergovernmental Risk Management Pool (IRMA) for general liability and workers’ compensation coverage to establish a risk premium structure that is more commensurate with the Village’s service profile and asset values. The Village is a founding member of the Suburban Liability Insurance Pool or SLIP. The purpose of SLIP is to share risk with similarly sized, full-service communities and mitigate increases in premium costs and develop economies of scale for administrative services. COMMODITIES The single largest expenditure within the Commodity account group is for purchase of salt for the snow and ice control program. The forecast calls for increases of 2.5 percent per annum. Staff continue to seek innovative ways to reduce commodity costs, such as bulk electric procurement, and utilizing centralized purchasing to leverage the Village’s buying power. MAINTENANCE & REPAIR Expenditure growth in this account group is estimated to be 2.5 percent per year. Included in these expenditures are costs related to the maintenance and repair of sidewalks and bike paths, street patching, streetlights, building facilities, vehicles and parkway trees. Included in these costs are Internal Service Fund charges for Central Garage and Building Maintenance expenditures. GENERAL FUND CAPITAL RESERVES Capital Reserves Included in the transfers are $9.6 million for vehicles, technology, storm water and building reserves for the General Fund over the next five years. If the Village intends to continue with a pay-as-you-go approach to acquiring vehicles, supporting technology infrastructure and repairing facilities, then these transfers should be programmed. It should be noted that the reserve amount for facilities is the minimum to address various maintenance needs and does not provide funding for major repairs including roof replacements, purchase of mechanical systems and/or functional remodeling. Capital Projects There is $194.3 million in capital projects included in the five-year forecast. The projects are taken from the current Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) and the details of those projects are included in the FY 2025 annual budget. The amount of the capital reserve funding is not sufficient to meet the needs of certain CIP program areas. FINANCIAL RESULTS Operating Budget Page 27 of 28 In each of the five years, revenues offset operating expenses, and the budgets are anticipated to be in balance. This statement should be viewed with caution as revenues are expected to grow on average 1.9 percent per year while operating expenditures outpace average annual revenue growth by 0.8 percent per year or 2.7 percent. Impact of Transfers and Capital Projects After including amounts necessary for reserves and capital, there is a shortfall every year in the forecast. The shortfall is created by a desire to cash finance most capital projects. This is anticipated and adjustments can be made to address funding levels. It is important to note that reducing amounts spent on capital should not be viewed as budget cuts (or savings) rather is a conscious decision to defer spending to future years. The liability still exists. Reserve spending should be viewed in the same light. While efforts will continue to focus on how to deliver the same high level of services at lower unit costs, staff recognize that revenues will also need to be reviewed. Every opportunity to expand the sales tax base should continue to be considered. Staff must ensure that revenues are reviewed for adequacy (fees), efficiency (collections), and efficacy (diversified). New revenue sources should be researched, discussed, and if warranted, presented to the Village Board for consideration. This report will be used as a guide for the development of the FY 2026 Budget and will help shape the discussion about how the Village adapts to the current and future financial landscape. Staff seek further input from the Village Board on the operating forecast. Page 28 of 28